BIBLIOGRAPHY, REFERENCES AND INDEX: INDIA, HINDUTVA AND HISTORY
BIBLIOGRAPHY
AND INDEX
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Aiyar 1923:
History of the Nayaks of Madura, R Sathyanatha Aiyar, Maven Books, 2023. First
published 1923.
Aiyar 1927: Thiagaraja: A Great Muscician Saint, MS Ramaswami Aiyar, Everyman’s Press, 1927.
Alam 2021:
The Mughals and the Sufis, Islam and Political Imagination in India 1500-1750,
Muzaffar Alam, Ashoka University, 2021.
Amaravati 1972:
Amaravati, H Sarkar and SP Nainar, 5th Edition, Director General,
Archaeological Survey of India. First published 1972.
Amulyachandra Sen 1956:
Asoka’s Edicts, Amulyachandra Sen, Institute of Indology, Indian Publicity
Society, Calcutta, 1956.
ASI Cave Temples 1981:
Cave Temples of the Deccan, Architectural Survey of Temples, No. 3, KV Soundara
Rajan, Joint Director General, Archaeological Survey of India, 1981.
ASI 1992: The Temples of
the Gangas of Karnataka, IK Sharma, Published by The Director General,
Archaeological Survey of India, Janpath, New Delhi, 1992.
ASI 1966: Indian
Archaeology 1966-1967, A Review, MN Deshpande, Archaeological Survey of India,
1975.
Ayyangar and Rao, 1922:
Studies in South Indian Jainism, MS Ramawsami Ayyangar & B Seshagiri Rao,
Gyan Publishing House, Second Impression 2021. First published Hoe & Co.,
Madras, 1922.
Aiyangar 1921:
South India and her Muhammadan Invaders, S. Krishnaswami Aiyangar, Alpha
Editions. First published 1921.
Bayly 1989:
Saints, Goddesses and Kings. Muslims and Christians in South Indian Society
1700-1900. Susan Bayly, Cambridge University Press 2003. First published 1989.
Bhandarkar 1928:
Early History of the Deccan & Miscellaneous Historical Essays, RG
Bhandarkar, Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute, 1983 Edition. First
published 1928.
Daljeet 2014:
Ragachitra, Deccani Ragamala Paintings by Dr Daljeet, Edited by Mohua Mitra,
published by Niyogi Books, 2014.
Davies 2004:
A Muslim Princess in the Temples of Visnu, Richard H Davis, International
Journal of Hindu Studies, Vol. 8, No. 1/3, January 2004, pp 137-156.
Devakunjari 1957:
Madurai Through the Ages by Dr (Miss) D. Devakunjari, Society for
Archaeological, Historical and Epigraphical Research, Madras, 1979. Written as
PhD thesis in 1957.
Dubriel 1920:
Ancient History of the Deccan by G Jouveau Dubriel, translated by VS Swaminada
Dikshitar, Modern Press Pondicherry 1920.
Eaton 2022:
Richard M. Eaton, The Lotus and the Lion, Primus Books, 2022.
Eaton, 2005:
A Social History of the Deccan 1300-1761, Richard M. Eaton, Cambridge
University Press, 2024. First published 2005.
Eaton, 2000:
Richard M. Eaton, Essays on Islam and Indian History, Oxford University Press,
2022. First published 2000.
Ernst 2016:
Carl W. Ernst, Refractions of Islam in India, SAGE Publication India Pvt Ltd.,
2016.
Gandhi 2018:
Rajmohan Gandhi, Modern South India, Aleph Book Company, 2018.
Habib and Nizami 1970:
The Delhi Sultanate, 1206-1526 A Comprehensive History of India, Volume 5,
Mohammad Habib and Khaliq Ahmad Nizami eds., The Indian History Congress,
People’s Publishing House, 1970.
Haidar and Sardar 2015:
Sultans of Deccan India 1500-1700, Opulence and Fantasy, Navina Najat Haidar
and Marika Sardar and various contributors, The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New
York, Distributed by Yale University Press, New Haven and London, 2015.
Haidar and Sardar 2011:
Sultans of the South, Arts of India’s Deccan Courts, 1325-1687, The
Metropolitan Museum of Art Symposia, Edited by Navina Najat Haidar and Marika
Sardar, published by The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, Distributed by
Yale University Press, New Haven and London, 2011
Iyengar, 1929:
History of the Tamils from the Earliest Times to 600 AD, PT Srinivasa Iyengar,
2020 Impression, Gyan Publishing House. First printed in Madras, 1929.
Kail 1975/Owen 1975:
Buddhist Cave Temples of India, Owen C Kail, Taraporevala, 1975.
Kanisetti 2023:
Lords of the Deccan, Anirudh Kanisetti, Juggernaut Books, 2023.
Kincaid 1930:
Shivaji, the Grand Rebel, Dennis Kincaid, Rupa Publications India Pvt. Ltd.,
2015, written 1930.
Kuber 2021:
Renaissance State, the Unwritten Story of the Making of Maharashtra, Girish
Kuber, Harper Collins, 2021.
Laine 2003:
Shivaji, James W Laine, Oxford University Press, 2003.
Lockwood and Bhat 2005:
Metatheater and Sanskrit Drama, Part II, Michael Lockwood and A. Vishnu Bhat,
Tambaram Research Associates, 2005 revised edition. First published 1994.
Mayaram 1997:
Resisting Regimes, Shail Mayaram, Oxford University Press, 2017. First
published 1997.
Nagarjunkonda 1966:
Nagarjunkonda, H Sarkar and SP Nainar, Revised Edition (2006), Director
General, Archaeological Survey of India. First published 1966.
Nakamura 1980:
Indian Buddhism, Hajime Nakamura, Motilal Bandarsidass, 5th Reprint,
Delhi 2018. First published Japan, 1980.
Nizami 1961:
Religion and Politics in India During the Thirteenth Century, Khaliq Ahmad
Nizami, Oxford University Press, 2002. First published by Idarah-i Adabiyat-i
Delhi in 1961.
Radhakumud Mookerji 1928:
Asoka, Radhakumud Mookerji, Gaekwad Lectures, Macmillan & Co. Ltd., London,
1928.
Rahman 2023:
Forgotten Muslim Empires of South India, Syed Ubaidur Rahman, Medieval Indian
Muslim History Series, Vol. 1, Global Media Publications, 2023.
Ram Bhushan 1975:
Jainism in Early & Medieval Karnataka, Ram Bhushan Prasad Singh, Motilal
Banarsidas, 1975.
Ramachandran 1934:
Tiruparuttikunram and Its Temples, Government Museum Madras. Published in 1934.
Rao 1922: Andhra Karnata
Jainism, B. Seshagiri Rao, Part II of Studies in South Indian Jainism, Gyan
Publishing House, 2021. First published 1922.
Rizvi, Vol. 1, 1978:
Saiyid Athar Abbas Rizvi, A History of Sufism in India, Volume 1. Munshiram
Manoharlal Publishers Pvt Ltd., 2023. First published 1978.
Rizvi, Vol. 2, 1978:
Saiyid Athar Abbas Rizvi, A History of Sufism in India, Volume 2, Munshiram
Manoharlal Publishers Pvt Ltd., 2023. First published 1978.
Rudrangshu Mukherjee et al, 2023:
A New History of India, Rudrangshu Mukherjee, Shobita Punja, Toby Sinclair,
Aleph Book Company, 2023.
Sarkar 1920:
Shivaji and His Times, Jadunath Sarkar, Longmans Green and Co., Second Edition,
1920.
Sastri 1955:
A History of South India, KA Nilakanta Sastri, Oxford University Press, Fourth
Ed., 2003. First published 1955.
Saunders 1971:
The History of the Mongol Conquests, JJ Saunders, University of Pennsylvania
Press, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 2001. Originally published 1971.
Seth 2006: Indian Painting, The Great Mural Tradition, Mira Seth, Mapin Publishing 2006.
Seyller and Mittal 2018:
Deccani Paintings, Drawings, and Manuscripts in the Jagdish and Kamla Mittal
Museum of Indian Art, Volumes 1 & 2, by John Seyller and Jagdish Mittal,
published by Jagdish and Kamla Mittal Museum of Indian Art, 2018.
Shringy & Sharma 2018:
Sangitaratnaakara of Sarngadeva, Dr RK Shringy & Dr Prem Lata Sharma, Vol
1, Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers Pvt Ltd 2018. First published in 1989.
Shulman 2016:
Tamil, A Biography, David Shulman, Harvard University Press, Belknap Press,
Cambridge, Massachusetts, 2016.
Sivaramamurti 1968:
South Indian Paintings, C. Sivaramamurti, Publications Division of the Ministry
if Information and Broadcasting, Government of India and National Museum, New
Delhi. Reprint of 1994. First published 1968.
Srikanthika 1973:
Srikanthika, Felicitation Volume, Dr S Srikantha Sastri Felicitation Committee,
Geetha Book House, Mysore, 1973.
Srinivasa Aiyengar 1908:
The Life and Teachings of Sri Ramanujacharya by CR Srinivasa Aiyengar, R.
Venkateshwar & Co. Madras, 1908.
Thapar 2002: The Penguin History of
Early India from the Origins to AD 1300, Romila Thapar, Penguin Random House
India, 2021 edition. First published 2002.
U. Singh 2024:
History of Ancient and Early Medieval India, Upinder Singh, Pearson India
Education Services Pvt Ltd., Second Edition, 2024.
Venkataramanayya et al, 1957:
“The Kakatiyas” by N. Venkataramanayya & PV Parabrahma Sastry, A
Comprehensive History of India, Vol. 4, Part 1, Editors RS Sharma & KM
Shrimali, People’s Publishing House, New Delhi, 1987. First published 1957.
Zebrowski 1983:
Deccani Painting by Mark Zebrowski, Sotheby Publication, University of
California Press, 1983.
Abhinavabharati,
English Translation with Historical Critical Explanations, Anupa Pande, Raka
Prakashan 1997.
The Ain-i-Akbari,
Abul Fazl Allami, English translation by Colonel HS Jarrett, Corrected and
annotated by Sir Jadunath Sarkar, Volume III, Second Edition, Atlantic
Publishers & Distributors (P) Ltd, 2021. First published 1883.
The Akbarnama of Abul Fazl,
translated from the Persian by H. Beveridge,
Low Price Publications, 2010. First Published 1902.
Akbar, the Great Mughal,
Ira Mukhoty, Aleph Book Company, 2020.
Annie Besant, An Autobiography,
Insight Publica, 2020. First published 1893; (b) The Case for India, Annie
Besant, Lector House LLP, 2020. Presidential Address, Indian National Congress,
32nd Session, Calcutta, 26 December 1917, Annie Besant, Lector House
LLP, 2020.
Annie Besant’s Address, 1916,
Appendix to the Founding Statute of the Benares Hindu University.
Baburnama,
translated, edited and abridged from the Turkic, Dilip Hiro, Penguin Classics,
2017.
The Bhagavadgita,
S. Radhakrishnan, HarperCollins Publishers India, 2010. First published in
1948.
Brihaddesi of Sri Matanga Muni,
edited by Prem Lata Sharma, Kalamulasastra Series, General Editor Kapila
Vatsyayan, 1992.
Cult Saints, Heroes, and Warrior Kings:
South Asian Islam in the Making, Susan Bayly, Religion
and Public Culture, Encounters and Identities in Modern South India, Keith E.
Yandell & John J. Paul, Ed., Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, London
& New York, 2013. First published 2000.
Excavation of Archaeological Sites in
Tamil Nadu, Mankulam 2006-2007, General Editor: Dr Sitharam
Gurumurthi, department of Archaeology, Government of Tamil, Nadu, 2008.
A General History of Pudukkotai State,
S. Radhakrishnan Aiyar, Sri Brihadamba State Press, 1916.
Indo Arab Relations with Special Assertion
of ‘Arab O Hind ke Taalluqat’, Maulana Sayyed Sulaiman
Nadwi, Dr Ali Raza, International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts, 2020,
IJCRT, Vol. 8, Issue 5 May 2020, pg 3662.
Marine Archaeological Explorations of
Tranquebar-Poompuhar Region on Tamil Nadu Coast,
Dr SR Rao, Marine Archaeology, Vol. 2, July 1991
The Origins of Totalitarianism,
Hannah Arendt, Penguin Books, 2017. First published 1951.
Ranna, Gadayuddam, The Duel of the Maces,
translated by RVS Sundaram & Ammel Sharon, Akkamahadevi ed., KLC
Publication No. 5, Gen. Ed. Purushothama Bilimale, Kannada Language Chair,
Routledge – Taylor & Francis Group. First published 2021.
Valmiki Ramayana
as published by Gita Press, Gorakhpur, No. 2077, 57th edition.
Vedvyasa’s Mahabharata
as published by Gita Press, Gorakhpur, 20th edition.
Yashodhara,
Maithli Sharan Gupt, Sahitya Sadan, 2010 edition.
REFERENCES
(1) ‘Clash
between two groups amid idol procession in Tamil Nadu’s Kancheepuram, India
Today, 18 January 2024, https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/tamil-nadu-kancheepuram-vadakalai-thenkalai-sects-clash-varadharaja-perumal-temple-idol-procession-2490196-2024-01-18
(2) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GNuPpICxX9w
and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EWfCtH3kRpg
(3) Eaton
2022, pg. 20-21.
(4) Gandhi
2018, pg. 155 and Chapter 5, generally.
(5) On
Annie Besant, see (a) Annie Besant, An Autobiography, Insight Publica, 2020.
First published 1893; (b) The Case for India, Annie Besant, Lector House LLP,
2020. Presidential Address, Indian National Congress, 32nd Session,
Calcutta, 26 December 1917, Annie Besant, Lector House LLP, 2020; (c) Annie
Besant’s Address, 1916, Appendix to the Founding Statute of the Benares Hindu
University.
(6) Website
of the Kalakshetra Foundation, www.kalashetra.in
(Home/Founder).
(7) Hannah
Arendt, The Origins of Totalitarianism, Penguin Books, 2017. First published
1951.
(8) Eaton, 2000, Chapter 1: “Islamic History as World History”, particularly pg. 28-29.
(9) Rizvi
Vol. 1, 1978, pg 49.
(10)
On Dakkhani miniature and other art see:
(a) Haidar and Sardar, 2011;
(b) Seyller and Mittal 2018; (c) Zebrowski 1983; (d) Haidar and
Sardar, 2015; (e) Daljeet 2014;
(f) Eaton 2005, pg. 143-144.
(11)
Daljeet
2014.
(12)
U. Singh 2024, pg. 338.
(13)
Iyengar, 1929, pg. 139.
(14)
Sastri 1955, pg. 62.
(15)
Sastri 1955, pg. 76-78 and U. Singh 2024,
pg. 389-390, 392-393, 400.
(16)
Sastri 1955, pg. 79.
(17)
U. Singh 2024, pp. 456.
(18)
U. Singh 2024, pp. 470-471.
(19)
U. Singh 2024, pg. 398.
(20)
Sastri 2003, Chapter 7; U. Singh 2024, pg.
451 onwards. For more on Sangam poetry and early Tamil literature see Shulman,
2016 and Iyengar 1929. (20A) U. Singh 2024, pg 430.
(21)
Sastri 1955, pg. 120.
(22)
Iyengar, 1929, pg. 240.
(23)
Sastri 1955, pg. 107.
(24)
Iyengar, 1929, pg. 120-122 and Ayyangar
and Rao, 1922, pg. 45, 77.
(25)
Sastri 1955, pg. 122.
(26)
Sastri 1955, pg. 118-119, 125.
(27)
Sastri 1955, pg. 23, 106, 126.
(28)
U. Singh 2024, pg. 486.
(29)
Sastri 1955, pg. 107.
(30)
Sastri 1955, pg. 23.
(31)
Sastri 1955, pg. 24.
(32)
Sastri 1955, pg. 136 and Bhandarkar 1928,
pg. 73.
(33)
Thapar 2002, pg. 407-408.
(34)
Bhandarkar 1928, Sections V to VIII;
Sastri 1955, pg 83-91; U. Singh 2024, pg. 434-441.
(35)
Sastri 1955, pg. 91, Iyengar, 1929, pg.
329-334 and Shulman, 2016, pg. 141-149.
(36)
For more on the Gandhara School of Art in
the depictions of the Buddha, see Nakamura 1980, Chapter 16; Sastri 1955, pg. 87,
90, 403-404; Iyengar, 1929, pg. 329; U. Singh 2024, pg. 417, 450-451, 530-542, 555,
548-552, 629-636,754.
(37)
Nagarjunkonda 1966, pg. 22. On the
Satavahanas, Andhra Ishkavakus, Shakas, Kshatrapas and Abhiras generally, see
Amaravati 1972; Bhandarkar 1928; Dubriel 1920; Kail 1975; U. Singh 2024, pg.
444 to 451.
(38)
Deleted.
(39)
Deleted.
(40)
Deleted.
(41)
Kail 1975, pg 29, 56; Srikanthika 1973, Essay No. 2:
“The Satvahana Legacy in Indian Art”, KV Soundara Rajan, pg 11-15; U. Singh
2024, pg. 469-470, 508, 528-530, 548-552, 556-557.
(42)
Bhandarkar 1928, pg. 63-64 and Sastri
1955, pg. 89.
(43)
U. Singh 2024, pg. 623, 625-626 and see
(69) below.
(44)
Abhinavabharati, English Translation with
Historical Critical Explanations, Anupa Pande, Raka Prakashan 1997, Note 78,
pg. 135 and Note 199, pg. 172.
(45)
Thapar, 2002, 152-156; U. Singh 2024, pg.
312, 319-323. (45A) Sastri 1955, pg. 85.
(46)
U. Singh 2024, pg. 665.
(47)
See also (36) to (43), above.
(47A)
ASI, 1992, pg. 43.
(48)
ASI 1992, pg. 8, 10, 12-15, Sastri 1955,
pg. 134, 161; Ayyangar and Rao, 1922, pg. 31, 51, 107-118, Appendix A; Rao
1922, pg. 45, 114.
(49)
U. Singh 2024, pg. 665. (49A) On the Gangas
generally, see ASI 1992.
(50)
U. Singh 2024, pg. 400 and Sastri 1955,
pg. 79.
(51)
U. Singh 2024, pg. 323-325. Also see Thapar,
2002, pg. 156-160.
(52)
U. Singh 2024, pg. 451 and Sastri 1955,
pg. 87.
(53)
Bhandarkar 1928, pg. 61.
(54)
U. Singh 2024, pg. 585.
(55)
U. Singh 2024, pg. 570.
(56)
Sastri 1955, pg. 92.
(57)
U. Singh 2024, pg. 669.
(58)
Thapar, 2002, pg. 370-381 and Sastri 1955,
pg. 148-153 and 186.
(59)
Bhandarkar 1928, pg. 92.
(60)
Rudrangshu Mukherjee et al, 2023, pg.
158; Thapar, 2002, pg. 407-408. (60A) Sastri 1955, pg. 148-149.
(61)
See 5(b), above.
(62)
On the Sendrakas and early Kadambas see Kanisetti
2023, Parts I and II, especially, pg. 36, 38, 42, 46, 48, 88, 176, U. Singh
2024, pg. 661, Sastri 1955, pg. 136, Bhandarkar 1928, Section X.
(63)
Bhandarkar 1928, pg. 75 and 115.
(64)
U. Singh 2024, pg. 659, 662-663 and Bhandarkar
1928, Section XI.
(65)
Further reading about the Kalabhras: Early Tamil Epigraphy from the Earliest
Times to the Sixth Century A. D. by Iravatham Mahadevan https://archive.org/details/iravatham-mahadevan-early-tamil-epigraphy-from-the-earliest-times-to-the-sixth-century-a.-d./page/136/mode/2up; Thapar, 2002; A History of India by Hermann
Kulke and Dietmar Rothermund, Buddhist Philosophy from 350 to 600AD by Karl H
Potter; Madurai through the Ages by D Devakunjari; Drama in Ancient Tamil
Society by Karttikecu Civattampi, Peasant State & Society in Medieval South
India by Burton Stein; Negotiating Cultural Identity, HP Ray ed.; Ancient Tamil
Society: Its Social & Economic Structure by S Sundararajan, Open
Boundaries: Jain Communities & Cultures in Indian History, Indira Peterson,
John E. Cort ed. SUNY Press 1998.
(66)
ASI 1992, pg 3; U. Singh 2024, pg. 665.
(67)
U. Singh 2024, pg. 664-665.
(68)
Sastri 1955, pg. 168-169.
(69)
On the Vakatakas generally see, U. Singh
2024, pg.564-567, 574-578.
(70)
U. Singh 2024, pg. 659-662 and Bhandarkar
1928, Section X.
(71)
Bhandarkar 1928, pg. 81 and Section XI.
(72)
Bhandarkar 1928, pg. 70.
(73)
Sastri 1955, pg. 130.
(74)
U. Singh 2024, pg. 661.
(75)
Sastri 1955, pg. 158; U. Singh 2024, pg.
665.
(76)
Kanisetti, 2023, pg. 86.
(77)
Kanisetti, 2023, pg. 109.
(78)
Bhandarkar 1928, pg. 80.
(79)
U. Singh 2024, pg. 660-661. Also, on
Pallava-Chalukya wars, see Bhandarkar 1928, pg. 75. (79A) On the Battle of
Takkolam, see Sastri 1955, pg. 161-162. For an overview of the Cholas see U.
Singh 2024, pg. 665-667; for a more detailed history of the Cholas see Sastri
1955, Chapters IX and X. (79B) Sastri 1955, pg. 159.
(80)
U. Singh 2024, pg. 662.
(81)
Bhandarkar 1928, pg. 111-113.
(81A)
U. Singh 2024, pg. 678.
(82)
On the Taila Chalukya generally, see Bhandarkar
1928, Section XII.
(82A)
ASI 1992, pg. 21-25, Kanisetti pg. 257-258 and Sastri 1955, pg. 163.
(83)
Kanisetti, 2023, pg. 260.
(84)
Bhandarkar 1928, pg. 72-73.
(85)
Bhandarkar 1928, pg. 113-115.
(86)
Sastri 1955, Chapter IX and U. Singh 2024,
pg. 664-669.
(86A)
Sastri 1955, pg. 158, 160 and 163-167, and U. Singh 2024, pg. 650 and 666-667, Thapar
2002, pg. 365-366.
(87)
Sastri 1955, pg. 165.
(88)
Kanisetti, 2023, pg. 274.
(89)
Bhandarkar 1928, pg. 115.
(90)
Sastri 1955, pg. 107.
(91)
U. Singh 2024, 650, 667 and Sastri 1955,
pg. 165.
(91A)
Bhandarkar 1928, pg. 147-149. On the rise of the Hoysalas see Sastri 1955, pg.
179- 180; Kuber 2021, pg. 9-10; and Aiyangar 1921, pg. 31-32.
(92)
Bhandarkar 1928, Section XV; Kuber 2021, pg.
11; Sastri 1955, pg. 180.
(92A) Sastri 1955, pg. 174, 179 and Bhandarkar
1928, pg. 149.
(93)
Aiyangar 1921, pg. 1-42.
(94)
Venkataramanayya
et al, 1957, Chapter 6, especially pg. 197-199, 206; Eaton, 2005, Chapter
1.
(94A) Aiyangar 1921, pg. 54 and
57-58.
(94B) Bhandarkar 1928, pg. 126-127
and Section XIII.
(94C) Eaton 2005, pg. 13 and Aiyangar
1921, pg. 32, 34, 37, 61, 62.
(94D) Bhandarkar 1928, pg. 125.
(94E) Aiyangar 1921, pg. 34, 37, 61,
62 and Venkataramanayya et al, 1957, pg. 212-218.
(95)
Sastri 1955, pg. 162 and 166; and ASI
1992, pg. 24.
(95A)
Yashodhara, Maithli Sharan Gupt, Sahitya Sadan, 2010 edition, pg. 20.
(96)
Bhandarkar 1928, pg. 7-9.
(97)
Iyengar, 1929, pg. 19-21.
(98)
Sastri, 1955, pg. 61 and Chapter IV,
generally.
(99)
Rudrangshu Mukherjee et al, 2023,
pg. 55-68, especially pg. 56-57, 66; and Thapar, 2002, pg. 107-117, especially
pg. 110-111.
(100) See
(98) and U. Singh 2024, pg. 219.
(101) Iyengar,
1929, pg. 54-55 and Ch VI.
(102)
U. Singh 2024, pg. 500 and Sastri 1955,
Chapter IV.
(103) Sastri
1955, pg. 70.
(104)
Sastri 1955, pg. 91; Thapar 2002, pg. 372
and 375 (injunction against killing brahmins in their settlements). On Brahmin
settlements and royal land and revenue grants see U. Singh 2024, pg. 684-691.
(105)
Iyengar, 1929, pg. 76-83 and pg. 612.
(106)
Sastri 1955, pg. 118 and pg. 129.
(107)
ASI 1992, pg. 120-134, pg 124-126 on
three-walled chambers; Sastri 1955, pg. 153; Thapar, 2002, pg. pg. 94 - 97; U.
Singh 2024, pg. 57, pg. 292 -298 and pg. 473-474 and pg. 501-503 (ananku).
(108)
Sastri 1955, pg. 115, 117.
(109)
Sastri 1955, pg. 122.
(110)
Iyengar, 1929, pg. 57.
(111)
Shringy & Sharma 2018, pg. 10, 19,
169, 291, 299, 301, 319, 376, 380-383.
(112)
Brihaddesi of Sri Matanga Muni, Edited by
Prem Lata Sharma, Kalamulasastra Series, General Editor Kapila Vatsyayan, 1992,
pg. 5. For different uses of the terms “margi” and “desi” also see Shringy
& Sharma, 2018, pg. 10, 19, 104, 170.
(113)
Iyengar, 1929, Chapter 2 and pg.
151-155.
(114)
Thapar, 2002, Chapters 1 and 4. Also see
U. Singh 2024, pg. 218-247.
(115)
Shulman, 2016. And see (10), above.
(116)
Rudrangshu Mukherjee et al, 2023,
pg. 67-68, Thapar, 2002, Chapters 1 and 4 and U. Singh 2024, pg. 220.
(117)
Sastri 1955, pg. 19, 62-63 and Chapter IV.
(118)
Rao 1922, Chapter 1. (118A) U. Singh 2024,
pg. 220.
(119)
Iyengar, 1929, Ch XII and pg. 213; and U.
Singh 2024, pg. 218-220.
(120)
Shulman, 2016, pg. 18-19.
(121)
U. Singh 2024, pg. 218-220 and Thapar,
2002, pg. 108-109.
(122)
See (104).
(123)
Bhandarkar 1928, Sections IV – IX, Sastri
1955, pg 85, 86, 88-91. See also (150A) below.
(123A) Bhandarkar 1928,
pg. 24-32, 38-51; Sastri 1955, pg 402, U. Singh 2024, pg. 545, 556.
(124) On
Buddhist monuments and sites: ASI 1992, pg. 42; ASI 1966, pg. 28-29, 75; Srikanthika
1973, “The Satvahana Legacy in Indian Art”, Essay No. 2, by KV Soundara Rajan; Sastri 1955, pg. 3, 399-406, esp.
402, 405; U. Singh 2024, pg. 393, 417, 467-470, 508, 525-528, 530, 534-551,
556-557 and Chapter 8, generally; Dubriel 1920, pg. 11. On
Satvahanas and other early Andhra-Tamil rulers see Dubriel 1920, especially
Chapters 1-4. On Buddhist cave temples generally, including at Nashik, Ajanta,
Ellora and Guntapalli, see Kail 1975. On Buddhist monuments in Amaravati
generally, see Amaravati 1972.
(124A)
Bhandarkar 1928, pg. 31-33. On marriage with Buddhist
princesses see Nagarjunkonda 1966, pg 14-16. On the Satvahanas and Shakas, see Sastri
1955, pg. 83-91.
(124B) Bhandarkar 1928, pg. 31, 42.
(124C) ASI 1992, pg. 30-31.
(124D) Kail 1975, pg 44, 130 and
Amaravati 1972.
(124E) Nagarjunkonda 1966.
(125)
U. Singh 2024, pg. 468, 536.
(126)
Source: https://www.orissatourism.org/budhhism-jainism-in-odisha/;
(126A) Sastri
1955, pg. 400.
(126B) Sastri
1955, pg. 405.
(127)
U Singh 2024, pg. 418, 531.
(127A) Sastri 1955, pg. 81; Devakunjari
1957, pg. 16-19 and https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thiruparankundram.
Brahmi
records of Pudukkottai, Arittapati and Tirupparankunram are also mentioned in
ASI 1992, pg. 31.
(127B) Excavation of Archaeological
Sites in Tamil Nadu, Mankulam 2006-2007, General Editor: Dr Sitharam
Gurumurthi, department of Archaeology, Government of Tamil, Nadu, 2008 and U.
Singh 2024, pg. 453, 456, 475.
(128)
U. Singh 2024, pg. 32, 621; Devakunjari
1957, pg. 72.
(128A) U. Singh 2024, pg.
525.
(129) A General History of Pudukkotai State, S. Radhakrishnan Aiyar, Sri Brihadamba State Press, 1916, pg. 52-54(b); Sastri 1955, pg. 406 (Jain murals in Pudukkottai complex); https://indianculture.gov.in/snippets/sittannavasal , https://www.indian-heritage.org/swaminathan/jainpk/index.html , https://web.archive.org/web/20041126152037/http://www.hindu.com/mp/2004/10/22/stories/2004102200450100.htm , https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/tamil-nadu/sittanavasals-jain-monuments-weathering-the-elements-and-public-apathy/article65931192.ece and https://pudukkottai.nic.in/tourist-place/chithannavasal/ ; https://mapacademy.io/article/cave-art-at-sittanavasal/; https://veludharan.blogspot.com/2018/10/arivar-koil-sittannavasal-jinalaya-with.html.
.
(129A) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arikamedu
, Sastri
1955, pg. 81, 107 (Jaina mound, Arikkamedu), ASI 1992, pg. 31
(129B) Sastri 1955, pg. 81, U. Singh
2024, pg. 452
(129C) Source: Archaeological Survey
of India filing dated November 7, 2011: chrome-extension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/https://www.tnarch.gov.in/sites/default/files/Arachalur-Agreement.pdf; Sastri 1955, pg. 81.
(130)
U. Singh 2024, pg. 525.
(131)
U. Singh 2024, pg. 621. (131A) ASI 1992,
pg 9, 32.
(132)
Ayyangar and Rao, 1922, pg. 47.
(133)
Ayyangar and Rao, 1922, pg. 16.
(134)
U. Singh 2024, pg. 446-447, 524.
(134A)
U. Singh 2024, pg. 547.
(135)
Iyengar 1929, 18.
(136)
U. Singh 2024, pg. 310 and 315; and Sastri
1955, pg. 62.
(137)
U. Singh 2024, pg. 455-456 and 501-503.
(138) On
megaliths see Thapar, 2002, pg. 94 to 96 and U. Singh 2024, pg. 292-298 and pg.
473-4.
(139) U.
Singh 2024, pg. 501-503.
(140) U.
Singh 2024, pg. 501-3. Also see Sastri 1955, pg. 153.
(141) Iyengar
1929, Chapter VIII; U. Singh 2024, pg. 510 to 518 and pg. 604 to 614;
Bhandarkar 1928, pg. 83, 133.
(142) U.
Singh 2024, pg. 309-323. Thapar 2002, 152, 153-156.
(142A)
ASI Cave Temples 1981, pg. 1.
(143) Sastri
1955, pg. 74.
(144) Ayyangar
and Rao 1922, Chapter II, Sastri 1955, pg. 75 and U. Singh 2024, pg. 390.
(145)
U. Singh 2024, pg. 389-390 and Sastri
1955, pg. 80.
(146)
ASI 1992, pg. 31.
(147)
U. Singh 2024, pg. 523–525.
(148)
U. Singh 2024, pg. 384 and 389.
(149)
U. Singh 2024, pg. 511.
(150)
ASI 1992, pg. 32.
(150A) See Dubriel 1920, generally, especially
Chapters 2-4 and U. Singh 2024, pg. 432-451. On Greek and Shaka occupation of Gujarat,
see Kail 1975, pg. 56. See (149) and (123) above.
(151)
ASI 1992, pg. 15. (151A) Ayyangar and Rao
1922, pg 62-72; Sastri 1955, pg. 382-383.
(152)
Ayyangar and Rao 1922, pg. 54-58; Sastri 1955,
pg. 130. Devakunjari 1957, pg. 72-73.
(153)
ASI 1992, pg. 9 and 35.
(154)
On Huns espousing Jainism see U. Singh pg.
621.
(155)
Bhandarkar 1928, pg 24-29; Dubriel 1920, Chapter
2.
(156)
Thapar 2002, pg. 285-286; and U. Singh
2024, pg. 572, 575.
(157A) Bhandarkar 1928, 125-135, Kanisetti
2022, pg. 355-357.
(157)
U. Singh 2024, pg. 578.
(158)
U. Singh 2024, pg. 625-626.
(159)
ASI 1992.
(160)
Ayyangar and Rao 1922, pg. 108-111.
(161)
Ram Bhushan 1975, pg 6, 101; ASI 1992, pg
8, 10-11. (161A) ASI 1992, 6-9.
(162)
Rao 1922, pg. 115-116.
(163)
ASI 1992, pg. 120-134.
(164)
ASI 1992, pg. 10.
(165A) ASI 1992, pg. 43.
(165B) ASI 1992, pg. 44.
(165C) Ram Bhushan 1975, pg. 110.
(165)
ASI 1992, pg. 185-202.
(166A) ASI 1992, pg. 46.
(166B) ASI 1992, pg. 137. (166C) ASI 1992,
pg. 15.
(166)
Ayyangar and Rao 1922, pg. 110-11; ASI
1992, pg 23, 149-153 and Ram Bhushan 1975, pg. 18.
(167)
Rao 1922, 66, 68-75 and ASI 1992, pg. 202.
(168)
ASI 1992, pg 43, 151; Ram Bhushan 1975, pg.
25, 38, 102.
(169)
Ayyangar and Rao 1922, pg. 111 and Ram
Bhushan 1975, pg. 134. On Jain affiliation of early Chalukyas and Gangas, also
see ASI 1992, pg. 30-32, Sastri 1955, pg. 395 and Rao 1922, pg. 14-15.
(170)
Sastri 1955, pg. 395; and U. Singh 2024,
pg. 660-661.
(171)
Bhandarkar 1928, pg. 81-82.
(172)
Ram Bhushan 1975, pg. 26, 49, 83.
(173A) Ram Bhushan 1975, pg. 38, U.
Singh 2024, pg. 728.
(173)
Bhandarkar 1928, pg. 74, Ram Bhushan 1975,
pg. 26. On the Sendrakas and early Kadambas see Kanisetti 2023, Parts I and II
especially, pg. 36, 38, 42, 46, 48, 88, 176.
(174)
ASI 1992, pg. 16 and Ram Bhushan 1975, pg 57,
110 (Ganga Cikaraya).
(175)
Bhandarkar 1928, pg. 94-96, Ayyangar and Rao
1922, pg. 111-112, ASI 1992, pg. 32, Ram Bhushan 1975, pg. 26. (175A) Ram
Bhushan 1975, pg. 43, 109.
(176)
Ram Bhushan 1975, pg. 39, 42 (installation
of idols of Mallinath, Neminath and other tirthankars).
(177A) Venkataramanayya et al,
1957, pg. 202, 204.
(177B) Rao 1922, pg. 18-19, 27-28.
(177C) Rao 1922, pg. 12-18.
(177D) Rao 1922, pg. 14-15, 19-21.
(177E) Rao 1922, pg. 20-21, 55;
Sastri 1955, pg. 395
(177F) Rao 1922, pg. 48-49.
(177G) Bhandarkar
1928, pg. 110 (maternal uncle of Vimaladitya).
(177H) Ram Bhushan 1975, pg. 131.
(177I) Ram Bhushan 1975, pg. 109-110.
(177J) Ram Bhushan 1975, pg. 55.
(177K) Bhandarkar 1928, pg. 112.
(177L) Eaton 2005, pg. 21.
(177M) Ram Bhushan 1975, pg. 111.
(177)
Ram Bhushan 1975, pg. 104 and 109;
Ayyangar and Rao 1922, pg. 115.
(178)
Ram Bhushan 1975, pg. 104 and Bhandarkar
1928, pg. 114-116.
(179A) Ayyangar and Rao 1922, pg. 116.
(179B) Ram Bhushan 1975, pg. 104.
(179)
Rao 1922, pg. 52-53.
(180A) Ram Bhushan 1975, pg. 133.
(180B) Ram Bhushan 1975, pg. 44, 84, 104-105, 113. (180C) Ram Bhushan 1975, pg.
44. (180D) Ram Bhushan 1975, pg. 84. (180E) Ram Bhushan 1975, pg. 49-50. (180F)
Ram Bhushan 1975, pg. 35; (180G) ASI 1992, pg. 153, 155, 159, 180, 182 and 185,
including footnote no. 1.
(180)
Ayyangar and Rao 1922, pg. 117-118.
(181A) Ram Bhushan 1975, pg. 27; Srikanthika
1973, Essay No. 3 “Identification of the Early Chalukyan Temples” by S
Rajasekhara, pg 18. (181B) Ram Bhushan 1975, pg. 104 (Chalukyas, Hoysalas and Rashtrakutas
endowing Jain establishments).
(181)
Bhandarkar 1928, pg. 83 and Sastri 1955,
pg. 399-408.
(182A) Ram Bhushan 1975, pg. 27.
(182)
Sastri 1955, pg. 400.
(183)
Iyengar 1929, pg. 611-612. (183A) On South
Indian art and architecture generally, see Sastri 1955, Chapter 16.
(184)
Iyengar 1929, Chapter VIII.
(185)
Iyengar 1929, pg. 113-115.
(186)
Iyengar 1929, pg. 106.
(187)
Ayyangar and Rao 1922, pg. 48, 77-78.
(188)
Iyengar
1929, pg. 108-111. Also see Chapter VIII.
(189)
Sastri 1955, pg. 387.
(190)
Iyengar 1929, pg. 110.
(191)
Nakamura 2018, pg. 85.
(192)
Nakamura 2018, pg. 84.
(193A) Nagarjunkonda 1966, U. Singh
2024, pg 508 and 528, Sastri 1955, pg. 406.
(193B) Nagarjunkonda 1966, pg. 27-28.
(193C) Nagarjunkonda 1966, pg. 25.
(193D) Nagarjunkonda 1966, pg. 20.
(193E) Nagarjunkonda 1966, pg. 25-26.
(193F) Nagarjunkonda 1966, pg. 24.
(193G) Nagarjunkonda 1966, pg. 14-15.
(193H) Nagarjunkonda 1966, pg. 30-31.
(193I) Nagarjunkonda 1966, pg. 30.
(193J) Nagarjunkonda 1966, pg. 26-27.
(193K) U. Singh 2024, 527-528, Srikanthika
1973, Essay No. 1: “Some Problems in the Study of Arts and Architecture”, TV
Mahalingam, pg. 5-6.
(193L) Srikanthika 1973, Essay No. 2:
“The Satvahana Legacy in Indian Art”, KV Soundara Rajan, pg 13.
(193M) Nagarjunkonda 1966, pg. 29.
(193N) ASI Cave Temples 1981, pg. 1-2.
(193O) Sastri 1955, pg. 409.
(193)
Nakamura 2018, pg. 118.
(194)
Sastri 1955, pg. 400-402. (197A) Sastri
1955, pg. 402-403.
(195)
Deleted
(196)
Deleted.
(197)
Sastri 1955, pg. 406; Kail 1975, pg. 27, 44-48, 130, Chapter 11,
17, 18, 20, 21 and Chapter 22, chronology of Buddhist cave sites at pg. 130.
(198)
Source: https://www.tamilnadutourism.tn.gov.in/destinations/buddhism
and ‘Marine Archaeological
Explorations of Tranquebar-Poompuhar Region on Tamil Nadu Coast, Dr SR Rao,
Marine Archaeology, Vol. 2, July 1991 (Link:
chrome-extension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/https://drs.nio.res.in/drs/bitstream/handle/2264/3295/Mar_Archaeol_2_5.pdf).
(199)
Deleted.
(200)
Devakunjari 1957, pg 72.
(201)
Sastri 1955, pg. 394 U Singh 2024, pg.
472.
(202)
Sastri 1955, pg. 444.
(203)
Sastri 1955, pg. 417. (203A) Sastri 1955,
pg. 418, 420.
(204)
Sastri 1955, pg. 407. (204A) Sastri 1955,
pg. 408. (204B) Sastri 1955, pg. 403.
(205)
Thapar 2002, pg. 313-315 and 386-389.
(205A) Sastri 1955, pg. 426.
(206)
Thapar 2002, pg. 388-389. (206A) Sastri
1955, pg. 394, 437-440.
(207)
Bhandarkar 1928, pg. 87-89, 105; U. Singh
2024, pg. 663.
(208)
Bhandarkar 1928, pg. 82.
(209)
ASI 1992, pg. 42, including footnotes 1 to
4.
(210)
For early Pudukkottai Chola temples near
Jain cave sites see Sastri 1955, pg. 418, 420; https://www.jainheritagecentres.com/jainism-in-india/tamil-nadu/aluruttimalai/;
https://travel.bhushavali.com/2012/03/kudumiyanmalai-temples-pudukottai-tamil.html.
On Meguti Hill Double-Storied structure see: http://www.asidharwadcircle.in/monument/the-two-storied-jain-temple-and-cave-on-hill-under-meguti/.
(211)
Srikanthika 1973, Essay No. 3: “Identification
of the Early Chalukyan Temples” Essay No. 3, S Rajasekhara, pg 17, 21 and Plate
III (1-3); ASI Cave Temples 1981, pg. 72 to 76; U. Singh 2024, pg. 745; and
https://www.wayofbodhi.org/buddhism-in-aihole-chalukya-period-in-karnataka/
(212A) ASI 1966, pg. 29,
75, 139-140; Srikanthika 1973, Essay No. 4: “Recent Discoveries in Aihole and Pattadakal”
by SR Rao, pg 27-28, U Singh 2024, pg. 393, 536-537.
(212B) ASI 1992, pg. 27, 34.
(212C) U. Singh 2024, pg. 751. (212D) ASI 1992, pg. 130. (212E) ASI Cave
Temples 1981, pg. 4. (212F) Ram Bhushan 1975, pg. 46, 81-82, ASI 1992, pg. 34.
(212G) Ram Bhushan 1975, pg. 81. (212H) Ram Bhushan 1975, pg. 32. (212I) ASI
1992, pg. 27. (212J) ASI 1992, pg 27. (212K) Ram Bhushan 1975, pg. 56 and U.
Singh pg. 607. (212L) For an overview on the difficulties with dating and
ascribing monuments, see Srikanthika 1973, Essay No. 1: “Some Problems in the
Study of Art and Architecture”, TV Mahalingam, pg. 3-9. (212M) ASI Cave Temples
1981, pg. 47, 76-78 and 78-79; Ram Bhushan 1075, pg. 22, 177; ASI 1992, pg.
137, 185, 200, 211. (212N) ASI Cave Temples 1981, pg. 76, 78. (212O) ASI Cave
Temples 1981, pg. 79; U Singh 2024, pg. 754 and Sastri 1955, pg. 406. (212P) Srikanthika
1973, Essay No. 3: “Identification of the Early Chalukyan Temples”, S
Rajasekhara.
(212)
U. Singh 2024, pg. 728-730.
(213)
For further reading, refer to this link: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thirupparankundram_Rock-cut_Cave_and_Inscription
(214)
https://web.archive.org/web/20160319001139/http://www.asithrissurcircle.in/Monuments_Tamil.html.
Also see: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chitharal_Jain_Monuments_and_Bhagavati_Temple#cite_note-Rao125-8
(215)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badami_cave_temples
(216)
https://www.wayofbodhi.org/buddhism-in-badami-caves/
(217)
Deleted.
(218)
Sastri 1955, pg. 391. (218A) ASI Cave
Temples 1981, pg 2. (218B) Rao 1922, pg. 23-25. (218C) Rao 1922, pg. 25, (218D)
Sastri 1955, pg. 394, (218E) ASI 1992, pg. 36, (218F) Srikanthika 1973, Essay
No. 2: “The Satvahana Legacy in Indian Art”, KV Soundara Rajan, pg 12, (218G) Nagarjunkonda
1966, pg. 30-31, (218H) Nagarjunkonda 1966, pg. 52-54, (218I) Nagarjunkonda
1966, pg. 76, (218J) Nagarjunkonda 1966, pg. 52, 54.
(219)
Bhandarkar 1928, pg. 133.
(220)
Ayyangar and Rao 1922, pg. 112.
(221)
ASI 1992, pg. 39, 43-45, 77.
(222)
ASI 1992, pg. 53-58, 135-137.
(223)
ASI 1992, pg. 67. (223A) ASI 1992, pg
53-55. (223B) ASI 1992, pg. 55.
(224)
ASI 1992, pg. 69-72. (224A) ASI 1992, pg.
73. (224B) ASI 1992, pg. 58-63. (224C) ASI 1992, pg. 77. (224D) ASI 1992, pg.
77-78. (224E) ASI 1992, pg. 51. (224F) Srikanthika 1973, Essay No. 3:
“Identification of the Early Chalukyan Temples”, S Rajasekhara, pg. 21.
(225)
ASI 1992, pg. 78.
(226)
ASI 1992, pg. 113.
(227)
ASI 1992, pg. 24.
(228)
Sastri 1955, pg. 74; U. Singh 2024, pg.
322; and Rao 1922, pg. 4.
(229)
Eaton 2000, pg. 106-107; Kanisetti,
86.
(230)
Deleted.
(231)
Deleted
(232)
ASI 1992, pg. 24, 63 and U. Singh 2024,
pg. 666.
(233)
Sastri 1955, pg. 165. (233A) Eaton 2000,
pg. 106.
(234)
Deleted.
(235)
Sastri 1955, pg. 385.
(236)
Bhandarkar 1928, pg. 26, 58. See U. Singh
2024, 448-456. (236A) Srikanthika 1973, Essay No. 2, KV Soundara Rajan, pg. 11.
(236B) https://www.wayofbodhi.org/buddhism-in-thanjavur-and-kumbakonam-tamilnadu/
(236C) See Chapter 8.
(236D) Ayyangar and Rao 1922, pg. 110, Footnote No. 1. (236E) U. Singh 2024,
pg. 691.
(237)
Deleted.
(238)
Shulman 2016, pg. 152.
(239)
Sastri 1955, pg. 394-395.
(240)
Bhandarkar 1928, pg. 144.
(241)
Deleted.
(242)
Deleted.
(243)
Deleted.
(244)
Sastri 1955, pg. 386.
(245)
U. Singh 2024, pg. 730-732.
(246)
Sastri 1955, pg. 386 – 387.
(247)
Sastri 1955, pg. 5.
(248)
Sastri 1955, pg. 387 and Shulman 2016, pg.
122.
(249)
Deleted.
(250)
Iyengar 1929, pg. 120-122.
(251)
Iyengar 1929, pg. 121.
(252)
Ayyangar and Rao 1922, pg. 45, 77.
(253)
Sastri 1955, pg. 394.
(254)
Some sources on Shankaracharya: The Age of
Shankara by TS Narayana Sastry, edited by TN Kumaraswamy, BG Paul & Co.,
Second edition, Madras, 1971. First published 1916; The Mind of Adi Shankara, Y
Keshava Menon, Ashwin J. Shah, JAICO Publishing House, Second Impression, 1980.
First published 1976; Shankara & Indian Philosophy, Natalia Isayeva, SUNY
Series in Religious Studies, Harold Coward editor, State University of New York
Press, 1993; Shankara Vijayas, Dr WR Antarkar, Veda Sastra Pandit Raksha Sabha,
First Edition, 2003; Iyengar 1929, 612-618; and Adi Shankara, A Light in the
Darkness, Amar Chitra Katha, Vol. 656, published by Amar Chitra Katha Pvt.
Ltd., May 2023 re-print. First published 1974.
(255)
Srinivasa Aiyengar 1908. Available
on: https://archive.org/details/lifeandteaching00ayyagoog/page/n329/mode/2up. Also see Sastri 1955 generally, especially Chapter XV; Aiyangar
1921 generally; Ramanuja, A Great Vaishnava Saint, Amar
Chitra Katha, Vol. 715, published by Amar Chitra Katha Pvt. Ltd., August 2022
re-print. First published 1981.
(256)
Aiyangar, 1921, pg. 21-29.
(257)
Srinivasa Aiyengar, 1908, pg 222 (see
footnotes).
(258)
Davies 2004. General reading: https://lifestyle.livemint.com/news/talking-point/a-muslim-princess-in-a-temple-111645433751415.html;
https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/offtrack/story/19960331-kerala-in-sri-ranganathaswami-temple-a-muslim-is-worshipped-as-lord-vishnus-consort-833121-1996-03-30
(258A) https://puriwaves.nirmalya.in/destinations/kabir-chaura-math
(259)
U. Singh 2024, pg. 361.
(260)
Chapters 6-8.
(261)
Ayyangar and Rao 1922, pg. 79 and U.
Singh 2024, pg. 744.
(262)
Ayyangar and Rao 1922, pg. 60-72.
(262A) Ayyangar and Rao 1922, pg. 62.
(263)
Sastri 1955, pg. 382-383.
(264)
Sastri 1955, pg. 383-386.
(265)
Iyengar 1929, pg. 111-115.
(265A) Iyengar 1929, pg. 115.
(266)
U. Singh 2024, pg. 523 – 525.
(267)
Sastri 1955, pg. 348.
(268)
Bhandarkar 1928, pg. 58.
(269)
Nagarjunkonda 1966, pg 14-15, Sastri 1955,
pg. 90 and U. Singh 2024, pg. 556.
(270)
Bhandarkar 1928, pg. 83.
(271)
Ayyangar and Rao 1922, Chapter V.
(272)
Sastri 1955, pg. 356.
(273)
Sastri 1955, pg. 366.
(274)
Shulman 2016, pg. 152. (274A) Nakamura,
1980, pg. 120.
(275)
Ayyangar and Rao 1922, pg. 46.
(276)
From Indian Antiquary Vol. II, May 1873,
attributed to Sramana Belagula Sthalapurana, quoted in Srinivasa Aiyengar,
1908, pg. 213, footnote 1.
(277)
Ayyangar and Rao 1922, pg. 91-93.
(278)
Lockwood and Bhat 2005. Also see (though I
do not agree with their reading of Mattavilasa Prahasana) Kanisetti, 2023, pg.
79-82 and U. Singh 2024, pg. 33, 605 and 633.
(278A) Lockwood and Bhat 2005, pg 6.
(279)
Ayyangar and Rao 1922, pg. 50.
(280)
Ayyangar and Rao 1922, pg. 48. (280A) ASI
1992, pg. 36.
(281)
Ayyangar and Rao 1922, pg. 117-118. Also
see Sastri 1955, pg. 395.
(282)
Author’s Transliteration. Source: Major
Rock Edict 7, Shahbazgarhi, Radhakumud Mookerji, 1928, pg. 228 and
Amulyachandra Sen, 1956, pg. 83 and Major Rock Edict 12, Girnar, Radhakumud
Mookerji, 1928, pg. 232 and Amulyachandra Sen, 1956, pg. 125.
(283)
Author’s Transliteration. Source: Maha
Upanishad, 6:71-75.
Author’s
Transliteration. Source: Rig Veda, 1:164 – 46.
(284)
Sastri 1955, pg. 316.
(285)
For transcriptions of Ashoka’s Edicts
refer to Radhakumud Mookerji, 1928 and Amulyachandra Sen, 1956.
(286)
U. Singh 2024, pg. 660-661.
(287)
On Sangam poetry generally, see Sastri
1955, Chapter VII and Shulman 2016, Chapter
2.
(288)
Sastri 1955, pg. 119, 148-149.
(289)
U. Singh 2024, pg. 452.
(290)
Sastri 1955, pg. 340-341.
(291)
Shulman 2016, pg. 46 & 91.
(292)
‘Ranna, Gadayuddam, The Duel of the Maces,
Translated by RVS Sundaram & Ammel Sharon, Akkamahadevi ed., KLC
Publication No. 5, Gen. Ed. Purushothama Bilimale, Kannada Language Chair,
Routledge – Taylor & Francis Group, pg. xvi. First published 2021.
(293)
Valmiki Ramayana as published by Gita
Press, Gorakhpur, No. 2077, 57th edition.
(294)
The shlokas of the Bhagavadgita are from
The Bhagavadgita by S. Radhakrishnan, HarperCollins Publishers India, 2010.
First published in 1948 and the Bhagavadgita from Vedvyasa’s Mahabharata as
published by Gita Press, Gorakhpur, 20th edition.
(295)
Kanisetti, 2023, pg. 133.
(296)
Haidar and Sardar, 2011: The Multiple
Worlds of Amin Khan: Crossing Persianate and Indic Cultural boundaries in the
Qutb Shahi Kingdom by Philip B Wagoner at pg 96.
(297)
Ayyangar and Rao, 1922, pg. 94-97 and
Sastri 1955, pg. 340-341.
(298)
Sastri 1955, pg. 343.
(299)
Sastri 1955, pg. 340-341.
(300)
Bhandarkar 1928, pg. 123-124. (300A) See
Chapter 16.
(301)
Sastri 1955, pg. 315.
(302)
Sastri 1955, pg. 317.
(303)
Bhandarkar 1928, pg. 19-20, 53-56; Sastri
1955, pg. 311; U. Singh 2024, pg. 429-430, 576.
(304)
Kanisetti, 2023, pg. 237-239.
(305)
Sastri 1955, pg. 367.
(306)
Deleted.
(307)
U. Singh 2024, pg. 440.
(308)
U. Singh 2024, pg. 382.
(309)
Sastri 1955, pg. 338.
(310)
Sastri 1955, pg. 4, 329.
(311)
Sastri 1955, pg. 356.
(312)
Sastri 1955, pg. 366.
(313)
Ram Bhushan 1975, pg. 10.
(314)
Sastri 1955, pg. 314-315.
(315)
Sastri 1955, pg. 337-338, 340, 344-345.
(316)
Sastri 1955, pg. 358.
(317)
Sastri 1955, pg. 339, 344.
(318)
Saunders 1971.
(319)
Saunders 1971, pg. 13-14.
(320)
Eaton 2000, Section 1(2) Comparative
History as World History: Religious Conversion in Modern India, Section 3(9)
The Political and Religious Authority of the Shrine of Baba Farid and Section
3(10) Court of Man, Court of God: Local Perceptions of the Shrine of Baba
Farid, Pakpattan, Punjab.
(321)
Saunders 1971, pg 18-20.
(322)
Saunders 1971, pg 22-23, 27, 34.
(322A) Rizvi Vol. 1, 1978, pg. 66-67.
(323)
Saunders 1971, pg 37-38, Rizvi Vol. 1,
1978, pg. 64-67. (323A) U. Singh 2024, pg. 682.
(324)
Nizami 1961, pg. 28-34, 80; Rizvi Vol. 1, 1978,
pg. 67; Saunders 1971, pg. 37-42.
(325)
Saunders 1971, pg. 38-39.
(326)
Rizvi Vol. 1, 1978, pg. 23-24.
(327)
Eaton 2022, pg. 16.
(328)
Rizvi Vol. 1, 1978, pg. 21, 28.
(329)
Rizvi Vol. 1, 1978, pg. 27 and 31.
(330)
Rizvi Vol. 1, 1978, pg. 60-61.
(331)
Rizvi Vol. 1, 1978, pg. 32-33, 49-62, 83,
88, 95, 109, 111-113.
(332)
Rizvi Vol. 1, 1978, pg. 49-50.
(333)
Alam 2021, pg. 107.
(334)
Rizvi Vol. 1, 1978, pg. 32-33, 44-45.
(335)
Rizvi Vol. 1, 1978, pg. 57-58.
(336)
Rizvi Vol. 1, 1978, pg. 96.
(337)
Rizvi Vol. 1, 1978, pg. 61
and 88. (337A) Rizvi Vol. 1, 1978, pg.
43-45.
(338)
Indo Arab Relations with Special Assertion
of ‘Arab O Hind ke Taalluqat’ by Maulana Sayyed Sulaiman Nadwi, Dr Ali Raza,
International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts, 2020, IJCRT, Vol. 8, Issue
5 May 2020, pg 3662.
(338A) Aiyangar 1921, pg. 69-73.
(338B) Kanisetti 2023, pg. 136.
(339)
https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/madurai/regions-earliest-interface-with-islam-was-here/articleshow/34263769.cms.
(340)
Cult Saints, Heroes, and Warrior Kings:
South Asian Islam in the Making, Susan Bayly, Religion and Public Culture,
Encounters and Identities in Modern South India, Keith E. Yandell & John J.
Paul, Ed., Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group, London & New York, 2013.
First published 2000; and Bayly 1989, pg. 87.
(341)
Rizvi Vol. 1, 1978, pg. 112.
(342)
Rizvi Vol. 1, 1978, pg. 110-111.
(343)
Nizami 1961, pg. 82-83.
(344)
Ernst 2016, pg 25-27; Rizvi, Vol. 1, 1978,
pg. 387; and Sastri 1955, pg. 203.
(345)
Eaton 2022, pg. 20.
(346)
Nizami 1961, pg. 28.
(346A) Saunders 1971, pg. 177. (346B) Saunders
1971, pg. 42.
(347)
Saunders 1971, pg. 39-41.
(348)
Rizvi Vol. 1, 1978, pg. 67 and Saunders
1971, pg. 39.
(349)
Saunders 1971, pg. 41-43 and Nizami 1961,
pg. 83-84.
(350)
Saunders 1971, Chapters 4-10.
(351)
Eaton 2000, Comparative History as World
History: Religious Conversion in Modern India. Also published in Journal of
World History 8, no. 2 (Fall, 1997), 243-71.
(352)
Rizvi Vol. 1, 1978, pg. 83-84 and pg. 98.
(353)
Rizvi Vol. 1, 1978, pg. 168-169.
(354)
Rizvi Vol. 1, 1978, pg. 81-82.
(355)
Nizami 1961, pg. 93.
(356)
Rizvi Vol. 1, 1978, pg. 133.
(357)
Rizvi Vol. 1, 1978, pg. 135, footnote 2.
(358)
Nizami 1961, pg. 121.
(359)
Rizvi Vol. 1, 1978, pg. 135-136.
(360)
Nizami 1961, pg. 332.
(361)
Nizami 1961, pg. 99.
(362)
Nizami 1961, pg. 129.
(363)
Rizvi Vol. 1, 1978, pg. 114-127, esp. pg.
122.
(364)
Rizvi Vol. 1, 1978, pg. 127-131.
(365)
Rizvi Vol. 1, 1978, pg. 131-133.
(366)
Rizvi Vol. 1, 1978, pg. 133.
(367)
Nizami 1961, pg. 131.
(368)
Rizvi Vol. 1, 1978, pg. 169.
(369)
Nizami 1961, pg. 156.
(370)
Nizami 1961, pg. 157-158. (370A) Nizami
1961, pg. 278.
(371)
Rizvi Vol. 1, 1978, pg. 138-140.
(372)
Eaton 2000, pg. 216.
(373)
Rizvi Vol. 1, 1978, pg. 141-145 and 150.
(374)
Rizvi Vol. 1, 1978, pg. 154-156.
(375)
Rizvi Vol. 1, 1978, pg. 156-159.
(376)
Rizvi Vol. 1, 1978, pg. 160.
(377)
Rizvi Vol. 1, 1978, pg. 170.
(378)
The Ain-i-Akbari, Abul Fazl Allami,
English translation by Colonel HS Jarrett, Corrected and annotated by Sir
Jadunath Sarkar, Volume III, Second Edition, Atlantic Publishers &
Distributors (P) Ltd, 2021. First published 1883, pg. 1-10.
(379)
Rizvi Vol. 1, 1978, pg. 166.
(380)
Nizami 1961, pg. 278.
(381)
Rizvi Vol. 1, 1978, pg. 84.
(382)
See generally, Eaton 2000 and (340), above.
(383)
https://www.darbar.org/article/legendary-figures-amir-khusrau-and-gopal-nayak-hindustani-pioneers.
(384)
Sastri 1955, pg. 352 and Shulman 2016, pg.
237.
(385)
Rizvi Vol. 1, 1978, pg. 149 and 160-162.
(386)
Eaton 2000, Chapters 9 & 10.
(387)
Rizvi Vol. 1, 1978, pg. 150.
(388)
Eaton 2005, Chapter 2.
(389)
Saunders 1971, pg. 123-127. On the sons of
Chengiz generally see Saunders 1971, Chapter 5.
(390)
Saunders 1971, pg. 128-139.
(391)
Saunders 1971, pg. 171-174, also see pg. 74,
116, 130.
(392)
Saunders 1971, pg. 172-173.
(393)
Nizami 1961, pg. 170.
(394)
Alam 2021, pg. 56-59 and Rizvi Vol. 2,
1978, pg. 175.
(395)
Rizvi Vol. 1, 1978, pg. 97, also see pg.
95-96.
(396)
Alam 2021, pg. 60 and Rizvi Vol. 2, 1978,
pg.176-177.
(397)
Alam 2021, pg. 61.
(398)
Mayaram 1997, pg. 51-53.
(399)
Alam 2021, pg. 61-65 and Rizvi Vol. 2,
1978, pg. 178.
(400)
Alam 2021, pg. 50-52.
(401)
Alam 2021, pg. 52-56.
(402)
Alam 2021, pg. 52-53. (402A) Alam 2021,
pg. 65-66.
(403)
Baburnama, translated, edited and abridged
from the Turkic, Dilip Hiro, Penguin Classics, 2017.
(404)
Alam 2021, pg. 66-70.
(405)
Rizvi Vol. 2, 1978, pg. 156. (405A) Rizvi
Vol. 2, 1978, pg. 159, and see Chapter 3, generally.
(406)
Alam 2021, pg. 70-84.
(407)
Alam 2021, pg. 79.
(408)
Alam 2021, pg. 79.
(409)
Alam 2021, pg. 99.
(410)
Alam 2021, pg. 121.
(411)
The Akbarnama of Abul Fazl, translated
from the Persian by H. Beveridge, Low
Price Publications, 2010, Volume 1, pg. 18, Volume 2, Chapter XXI, Chapter XLV.
First Published 1902. On Sulh-e-Kul see generally Akbar, the Great Mughal, Ira
Mukhoty, Aleph Book Company, 2020.
(412)
Rizvi Vol. 2, 1978, pg. 184.
(413)
Alam 2021, pg. 119.
(414)
Alam 2021, pg. 5.
(415)
Rizvi Vol. 2, 1978, pg. 243 onwards.
(416)
Rizvi Vol. 2, 1978, pg. 171.
(417)
Alam 2021, pg. 121-122.
(418)
Bayly 1989, pg. 74. Also see pg. 63, 71,
75,-77, 86-91, 109, 111-112 and 124.
(419)
Bayly 1989, pg. 91; Ernst 2016, pg. 114.
(420)
Saunders 1971, pg. 31-34.
(421)
Eaton 2000, pg. 50.
(422)
Eaton 2000, pg. 48.
(423)
On Yadavas generally, see Bhandarkar 1928,
Section XIV.
(424)
Aiyangar 1921, pg. 75-79.
(425)
Aiyangar 1921, pg. 85.
(426)
On the Delhi Sultanate in the Deccan
generally, see Habib and Nizami 1970, Chapter 4, especially Sections VI to IX.
(427)
Bhandarkar 1928, pg. 165-167 and Sastri
1955, pg. 209.
(428)
Habib and Nizami 1970, pg. 401.
(429)
Aiyangar 1921, pg. 86.
(430)
Habib and Nizami 1970, pg. 402.
(431)
See (430), above and Sastri 1955, pg.
206-207.
(432)
Aiyangar 1921, pg. 86.
(433)
Aiyangar 1921, pg. 86-89, Easton 2005,
Chapter 1, especially pg. 17 onwards and Sastri 1955, pg. 206-210.
(434)
Eaton 2005, Chapter 1.
(435)
Aiyangar 1921, pg. 91-92.
(436)
Aiyangar 1921, pg. 92-94.
(437)
Sastri 1955, pg. 208.
(438)
Aiyangar 1921, pg. 93 and 95 and (437),
above.
(439)
Aiyangar 1921, pg. 95-99.
(440)
Aiyangar 1921, pg. 58-59, 95-96.
(441)
Aiyangar 1921, pg. 97.
(442)
Aiyangar 1921, pg. 98-100 and 123 and Sastri
1955, pg. 210-211.
(443)
Aiyangar 1921, pg. 98.
(444)
Aiyangar 1921, pg. 72.
(445)
Eaton 2005, pg. 18.
(446)
Eaton 2005, pg. 38-41. On the rise of the
Sangama (Vijayanagar) brothers generally, see Sastri 1955, Chapter XI,
especially pg. 214-216 and Aiyangar 1921, pg. 180-182.
(447)
Aiyangar 1921, pg. 119-122. (447A) Habib
and Nizami 1970, pg. 422-427.
(448)
Aiyangar 1921, pg. 157.
(449)
Habib and Nizami 1970, pg. 427.
(450)
Aiyangar 1921, pg. 126-127.
(451)
Habib and Nizami 1970, pg. 402-403.
(452)
Aiyangar 1921, pg. 127-131 and 157.
(453)
Habib and Nizami 1970, pg. 442-459.
(454)
Aiyangar 1921, pg. 130-131. On the
Tughlaq’s generally, see Habib and Nizami 1970, Chapter 5.
(455)
Eaton 2005, pg. 39 and Sastri 1955, pg.
215.
(456)
Aiyangar 1921, pg. 132-137 and Eaton 2005,
pg. 20-21.
(457)
Sastri 1955, pg. 211-212.
(458)
Eaton 2005, pg. 28-29.
(459)
Sastri 1955, pg. 212-213.
(460)
Sastri 1955, pg. 212.
(461)
Eaton 2005, pg. 33-34.
(462)
Aiyangar 1921, pg. 140.
(463)
Eaton 2005, pg. 24-26, footnote 20.
(464)
Aiyangar 1921, pg. 165.
(465)
Eaton 2005, pg. 38.
(466)
Sastri 1955, pg. 209.
(467)
Rahman 2023, pg 20; Sastri 1955, pg. 212.
(468)
Aiyangar 1921, pg. 139, Sastri 1955, pg.
212-215.
(469)
Sastri 1955, pg. 215, Eaton 2005, pg. 39.
(470)
Aiyangar 1921, pg. 139-140.
(471)
Aiyangar 1921, pg. 136-138.
(472)
Eaton 2005, pg. 40 and Sastri 1955, pg.
214. (472A) Sastri 1955, pg. 214-215.
(473)
Aiyangar 1921, pg. 152-158, 165-170 and Sastri
1955, pg. 215. On Madurai Sultanate generally, also see Rahman 2023, Chapter 6.
(474)
Aiyangar 1921, pg. 165.
(475)
Aiyangar 1921, pg. 72.
(476)
Eaton 2005, pg. 41. (476A) Sastri 1955,
pg. 216. (476B) Eaton 2005, pg. 80-81; Sastri 1955, pg. 217. (476C) Eaton 2005,
pg. 40.
(477)
Aiyangar 1921, pg. 153-188 and Sastri
1955, pg. 217-218.
(478)
Sastri 1955, pg. 218.
(479)
Aiyangar 1921, pg. 141-145 and Eaton 2005,
pg. 41.
(480)
Aiyangar 1921, pg. 146. Also see Rahman
2023, Chapter 1, on the Deccan revolt against Tughlaq, generally.
(481)
Aiyangar 1921, pg. 184-185 and Sastri 1955,
pg. 241.
(482)
Nizami 1961, pg. 76.
(483)
Eaton 2005, pg. 42-43.
(484)
Rahman 2023, pg. 26; Sastri 1955, pg. 219.
(485)
Rahman 2023, pg. 44-45 and Sastri 1955,
pg. 219.
(486)
Eaton 2005, pg. 43 and Sastri 1955, pg.
241.
(487)
Rahman 2023, pg. 29-30, 50.
(488)
Rahman 2023, pg. 31, 51, 54, 59.
(489)
Rahman 2023, pg. 55-57.
(490)
Aiyangar 1921, pg.184 and Rahman 2023,
pg.598-599.
(491)
Sastri 1955, pg. 215-218.
(492)
Rahman 2023, pg. 36.
(493)
Sastri 1955, pg. 217-218.
(494)
Sastri 1955, pg. 241.
(495)
On the tensions between Dakkhanis and
Westerners or Afaqis generally, see Eaton 2005, Chapter 3, Rahman 2023,
especially Chapter 1 and Sastri 1955, pg. 227-228.
(496)
Rahman 2023, pg. 106.
(497)
Rahman 2023, pg. 70-73.
(498)
Rahman 2023, pg. 72.
(499)
Rahman 2023, pg. 77, 78.
(500)
Rahman 2023, pg. 80-84.
(501)
Eaton 2005, pg. 50 and Rahman 2023, pg.
73, 74, 78.
(502)
Rahman 2023, pg. 84 and Sastri 1955, pg.
222.
(503)
Sastri 1955, pg. 242.
(504)
Rahman 2023, pg. 125-128 and Sastri 1955,
pg. 224.
(505)
Eaton 2005, pg. 51 and Rahman 2023, pg.
132-133.
(506)
Rahman 2023, pg. 133-137 and Sastri 1955,
pg. 243.
(507)
Eaton 2005, pg. 48-49, 74 and Rahman 2023,
pg. 149.
(508)
Sastri 1955, pg. 243.
(509)
Rahman 2023, pg. 124, 149-150, 152.
(510)
Rahman 2023, pg. 144.
(511)
Eaton 2005, pg. 63.
(512)
Sastri 1955, pg. 226.
(513)
Rahman 2023, pg. 158 and https://frontline.thehindu.com/arts-and-culture/heritage/photo-essay-syncretic-harmony-walking-through-ashtoor-jatre-in-bidar/article38474398.ece.
(514)
Rahman 2023, pg. 163-168, 175-176.
(515)
Sastri 1955, pg. 226-227.
(516)
Rahman 2023, pg. 69.
(517)
Rahman 2023, pg. 189-191.
(518)
Sastri 1955, pg. 228.
(519)
Rahman 2023, pg. 192-195.
(520)
Eaton 2005, pg. 69.
(521)
On Mahmood Gawan generally, see Eaton
2005, Chapter 3.
(522)
Eaton 2005, pg. 87-88, Rahman 2023, pg.
196 and Sastri 1955, pg. 245.
(523)
Eaton 2005, pg. 104.
(524)
Rahman 2023, pg. 198 and Sastri 1955, pg.
245-246.
(525)
Aiyar 1923, pg. 6 of introduction by SK
Aiyangar.
(526)
Sastri 1955, pg. 244-245.
(527)
Sastri 1955, pg. 246-247.
(528)
Eaton 2005, pg. 69-70 and Rahman 2023, pg.
200-205.
(529)
Rahman 2023, pg. 226-227.
(530)
Rahman 2023, pg. 218.
(531)
Rahman 2023, pg. 231.
(532)
Sastri 1955, pg. 230.
(533)
Rahman 2023, pg. 304.
(534)
Rahman 2023, pg. 282-283 and Sastri 1955,
pg. 231.
(535)
Rahman 2023, pg. 416-417.
(536)
Sastri 1955, pg. 232.
(537)
Rahman 2023, pg. 283-285.
(538)
Sastri 1955, pg. 232-233.
(539)
Eaton 2005, pg. 72-73 and Rahman 2023, pg.
285-288, 315-318.
(540)
Sastri 1955, pg. 247.
(541)
Sastri 1955, pg. 247-248.
(542)
Sastri 1955, pg. 248.
(543)
Sastri 1955, pg. 234.
(544)
On the breakdown of the Bahmani Sultanate
generally, see Rahman 2023, Chapter 3.
(545)
Kuber 2021, pg. 26 and Rahman 2023, pg.
428.
(546)
On the later Vijayanagar dynasties
generally, see Sastri 1955, pg. 248-283.
(547)
Sastri 1955, pg. 249.
(548)
Sastri 1955, pg. 251.
(549)
On Rama Raya and syncretism in the
Vijayanagar kingdom generally, see Eaton 2005, pg. 87-104.
(550)
Sastri 1955, pg. 262.
(551)
Eaton 2005, pg. 89-90 and Sastri 1955, pg.
253.
(552)
Aiyar 1923, pg. 8-9 of introduction by SK
Aiyangar and pg. 49.
(553)
Sastri 1955, pg. 258-259. On Rama Raya
generally, see Eaton 2005, Chapter 4 and pg. Sastri 1955, pg. 258-266.
(554)
Eaton 2005, pg. 87-88.
(555)
Eaton 2005, pg. 90.
(556)
Eaton 2005, pg. 87. Also, on the Deccan
Sultanates generally, see Rudrangshu Mukherjee et al, 2023, pg. 190-200.
(557)
Eaton 2005, pg. 91, 145.
(558)
Rahman 2023, pg. 356.
(559)
Aiyar 1923, pg. 52-53.
(560)
Sastri 1955, pg. 261.
(561)
Rahman 2023, pg. 474.
(562)
Eaton 2005, pg. 142-143.
(563)
Haidar and Sardar, 2011, The Multiple
Worlds of Amin Khan: Crossing Persianate and Indic Cultural Boundaries in the
Qutb Shahi Kingdom by Phillip B. Wagoner, pg 90.
(564)
On Sultan Ibrahim Adil Shah and the arts
generally, see Haidar and Sardar, 2011, The Kitab-i-Nauras: Key to Bijapur’s
Golden Age, pg. 26 and Zebrowski 1983, Chapter 4.
(565)
Haidar and Sardar, 2011, ‘The Pem Nem: A
Sixteenth Century Illustrated Romance from Bijapur’ by Deborah Hutton, pg 44.
(566)
Seyller and Mittal 2018, pg. 32-40.
(567)
Seyller and Mittal 2018, pg 25.
(568)
Sastri 1955, pg. 262-263.
(569)
Sastri 1955, pg. 264-267.
(570)
Eaton 2005, pg. 78.
(571)
Sastri 1955, pg. 267-268.
(572)
Aiyar 1923, Chapter III.
(573)
Aiyar 1923, Chapter IV.
(574)
Aiyar 1923, pg. 82.
(575)
Sastri 1955, pg. 269.
(576)
On the Madurai Nayakas generally, see Aiyar
1923.
(577)
Sastri 1955, pg. 271.
(578)
Gandhi 2018, pg. 7-8 and https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_St._George.
(579)
Sastri 1955, pg. 272-273.
(580)
Sastri 1955, pg. 274.
(581)
Sastri 1955, pg. 274-275. (581A) SK
Aiyangar’s introduction to Aiyar 1923, pg. 24.
(582)
Aiyar 1923, Chapters V and VI.
(583)
Aiyar 1923, pg. 92.
(584)
Aiyar 1923, pg. 94-95.
(585)
Aiyar 1923, pg. 107.
(586)
Aiyar 1923, pg. 90-91.
(587)
Aiyar 1923, pg. 93.
(588)
Aiyar 1923, pg. 92-93.
(589)
Aiyar 1923, pg. 96.
(590)
Aiyar 1923, Chapter VII.
(591)
Aiyar 1923, Chapter VIII.
(592)
Aiyar 1923, pg. 123.
(593)
Aiyar 1923, pg. 138-142.
(594)
Aiyar 1923, pg. 139.
(595)
Aiyar 1923, Chapter VI.
(596)
Aiyar 1923, pg. 128-135. (596A) Aiyar
1923, pg. 126-127.
(597)
Gandhi 2018, pg. 27.
(598)
Gandhi 2018, pg. 20.
(599)
Aiyar 1923, Chapter IV.
(600)
Aiyar 1923, pg. 128.
(601)
Eaton 2005, Chapter 5.
(602)
Aiyar 1923, Chapter IX.
(603)
Aiyar 1923, Chapter X.
(604)
Aiyar 1923, pg. 157.
(605)
Aiyar 1923, pg. 165 onwards.
(606)
On the Maratha conquest of Tanjore
generally, see Aiyar 1923, pg. 166-190.
(607)
Aiyar 1923, pg. 194.
(608)
Aiyar 1923, Chapters XI to XIV.
(609)
Aiyar 1923, pg. 220.
(610)
Aiyar 1923, pg. 217. (610A) Aiyar 1923, pg.
213-219.
(611)
Shulman 2016, pg. 265-268.
(612)
Shulman 2016, pg. 266.
(613)
Shulman 2016, pg. 267.
(614)
Eaton 2005, pg. 123.
(615)
Kanisetti 2023, pg. 38.
(616)
Gandhi 2018, pg. 26 and Kuber 2021, pg. 38-43
and 65-67.
(617)
Kuber 2021, pg. 39; Sarkar 1920, Chapter 2.
(618)
Kincaid 1930; Shivaji, James W Laine,
Oxford University Press, 2003; Sarkar 1920, Chapters
2, 8 and 7.
(619)
Kuber 2021, pg. 65-66.
(620)
Kuber 2021, Chapter 4 and Sarkar 1920,
Chapter 3,4, 5, 6,7 9 (on the coronation of Shivaji).
(621)
Kincaid 1930, pg. 296. Also see Sarkar
1920, Chapter 12 and 13.
(622)
Gandhi 2018, pg. 40.
(623)
Gandhi 2018, Chapter 2.
(624)
Gandhi 2018, pg. 13.
(625)
Gandhi 2018, pg. 47-48, 64-72, 119, 133,
177.
(626)
Kuber 2021, pg. 77.
(627)
Kuber 2021, pg. 78-79.
(628)
Eaton 2005, Chapter 8 and Kuber 2021, pg.
79-83.
(629)
Kuber 2021, pg. 89.
(630)
Kuber 2021, Chapter 8-9.
(631)
On Haider Ali and Tipu Sultan generally,
see Gandhi 2018, pg. 72-116, Chapter 4 and 6.
(631A) Quoted in Gandhi
2018, pg. 76.
(632)
Sarkar 1920, pg. 366-371.
(633)
Sarkar 1920, pg. 377 onwards.
(634)
Gandhi 2018.
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